NERC System Operator Certification Training

NERC System Operator Certification Training, An Exam Preparation Program by Tonex

NERC System Operator Certification Training is a NARC-oriented System Operation Certification training preparation training course. System Operator Certification Training discusses operational tasks,  reliability of bulk power system during normal and emergency operations. Explore NERC Practice Tests for system operator exam including:

• Transmission Operator
• Balancing & Interchange Operator
• Balancing, Interchange & Transmission Operator
• Reliability Authority Operator

Learn about exam topics:

• Bulk power generation, transmission and distribution principles
• Bulk power system operation
• Reliability of the bulk power systems
• Balancing, Interchange, and Transmission
• Power Generation, Transmission and Interchange
• System Protection and Control

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a not-for-profit international regulatory authority whose mission is to assure the reliability and security of the bulk power system in North America.

Course Agenda

NERC Power System Operations Principals

• NERC System Operation Process
• System Operations 101
• Contingency Analysis and Reliability
• Reliability Examination
• Transmission Examination
• Power system Examination
• Emergency Preparedness
• Emergency Response
• Communications and Data
• Load-Frequency
• Control and Performance
• Measures for Emergency Conditions
• Policy Statements
• System Restoration Plan Objectives
• Disturbance Conditions
• Generator Frequency Trip Settings
• Under frequency Load Shed Trip Settings

Voltage and Reactive Power Control

• Reactive power theory
• Importance of  Reactive Power
• Problems of Reactive Power
• The aim of power factor correction
• Overview on Different Voltage and Reactive Power Control Methods
• Distribution System Voltage Control
• Volt/var control (VVC)
• Transmission System Voltage Control
• Primary Control
• Automatic  voltage  regulator (AVR)
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)
• Secondary Control
• Preventive And Emergency State Voltage Control
• Elements of the System, that Produces and absorbs Reactive Power Loads

Ways of Improving Voltage Stability And Control

• Reactive  power  compensation
• power transfer  capability
• voltage stability
• static  var compensator (SVC)
• Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM),
• Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
• Shunt capacitors
• Series capacitors
• Shunt reactors
• Synchronous condensers
• SVC
• STATCOM

Reactive Power in Operations

• Reactive power Effects
• Effects on Loads
• The delivery system (transmission lines and transformers)
• Power Capacitor Based Compensating Devices

Fundamentals of Power system Angle and Voltage Stability

• Generator controls
• Frequency regulation
• Corrective control versus preventative (N-1) strategies

Maintenance and Backup for Operational Tools

• Cultural Needs in an Evolving Electricity Structure and Environment
• Actions Operators Can Take
• Recommendations
• System Monitoring
• Roles and Responsibilities

Fault and Protection Basics and Terminology

• Protection Review
• Types of Faults
• Electrical fault
• Symmetrical faults
• Unsymmetrical faults
• Line to ground (L-G), line to line (L-L) and double line to ground (LL-G) faults
• Unsymmetrical faults
• Unsymmetrical faults
• Causes and Mitigation of Electrical Faults
• Weather conditions
• Equipment failures
• Human errors
• Smoke of fires
• Over current flow
• Danger to operating personnel
• Loss of equipment
• Disturbs interconnected active circuits
• Electrical fires

Protection Methods and Techniques

• Types of protection
• Protecting devices
• Fault limiting devices
• Fuse
• Circuit breaker
• Relay
• Lighting power protection
• Application based three phase fault analysis
• Three phase fault analysis
• Electrical equipment damage
• Time versus current plot
• Protection requirements
• Protection system elements
• Protection Relay and Power Systems Faults
• Protective device
• High-voltage transmission network
• Generator sets
• Overload and back-up for distance (overcurrent)
• Earth fault (“ground fault” in the United States)
• Distance (impedance relay)
• Back-up
• Low-voltage networks
• Disturbance-monitoring equipment
• Performance measures
• Protection systems components:
• Current and voltage transformers
• Protective relays
• Circuit breakers
• Batteries
• Communications

System Restoration after Blackout

• Restoration Overview
• Restoration  Techniques
• Restoration Planning
• Specific System Restoration
• Power System Restoration: Methodologies & Implementation Strategies
• Techniques used in restoration planning a
• Knowledge-based systems as operational aids in restoration
• Issues associated with thermal power plants
• High and extra-high voltage transmission systems
• Restoration of distribution systems

Restoration Process Procedures

• System Operator Responsibilities during the Restoration Process
• Ascertain System Status
• Determine Restoration Process
• Disseminate Information
• Implement Restoration Procedure
• Criteria and Conditions for Reestablishing Interconnections
• Returns to Normal Operation
• Communications
• Communication and Logging Protocols
• Evaluate System Status
• SCADA and Local Metering
• Computer and Operator Aides
• Emergency Power for Communications and Related Support Systems
• Reserves during Restoration
• Synchronous Reserve
• Dynamic Reserve
• Sample Dynamic Reserve Calculations

Transmission Restoration

• Voltage Regulation and Control
• Reactive Regulation
• Minimum Source Guidelines
• Synchronization
• Synchronizing Process Phases

Generation Restoration

• Generating Stations
• Plant Shutdown
• Generating Plant Communications
• Plant Starting Procedure
• Notify Plants
• Plant Frequency Control
• Units Requiring Cranking Power
• Cranking Power Demand
• Cranking Power Source and Black Start Paths
• Energize Start-up Loads

System Restoration Plan Guidelines

• System Restoration Plan Guidelines
• Ascertaining System Status
• Determining Restoration Process
• Disseminating System Status Information
• Implementing Restoration Process
• Frequency Control
• Verify Switching Equipment Constraints
• Transmission Owners Interconnect
• Guidelines  for  Area  Interconnection  and  Use  of  External  Power  during
• System Restoration
• Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement
• Critical Black Start Criteria
• Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement
• Restoration Forms
• Restoration Drill Guide
• Communications, Protocols and Testing
• Transmission  Owner  and  Black  Start  Supporting
• Documentation References
• Under Frequency Load Shed (UFLS) Tables
• Introduction to the Problems of Analysis and Control of Electric Power Systems
• Configuration and Working Point
• Frequency and Active Power Control
• Dynamic Behavior of the Synchronous
• Dynamic Behavior of Network Elements and Loads
• Voltage and Reactive Power Control
• The Synchronous Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus (pages 562–618)
• Electromechanical Phenomena in a Multimachine System
• Transformation to Symmetrical Components
• Elementary Outline of the Automatic Control Theory

  Power System Control Center Operations and Management

• Power distribution control centers
• Roles in managing and operating distribution
• Operational Technology point of view
• Operational Responsibilities
• Control Center Operator Responsibility  and Functions
• Control center operational hierarchy
• Load Forecasting
• Peak-Demand Management
• Demand Response Program Management
• Power Quality Management
• Reactive Power Management
• Loss Management
• Predictive Outage Management
• Predictive Maintenance Management
• Mobile workforce Management
• Dynamic Load Management
• Fault Management
• Outage Management
• Operation Technology (OT) systems
• Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)
• Distribution Management System (DMS)
• Outage Management System (OMS)
• WMS (Work Management System)
• EAMS (Enterprise Assets Management System)
• GIS (Geographical Information System)
• AMI/MDM (Advance Metering Infrastructure/Meter Data Management)
• DRPM(Demand response Program Management)
• MWFM (Mobile Work Force Management)
• CIS (Customer Information System)